Volume : 6, Issue : 3, March - 2017

FPGA BASED IMPLEMENTATION OF ROBUST ROUTER ARCHITECTURE

P. Rama Krishna, B. Madhu

Abstract :

<p>&nbsp;<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">Background: Empiric treatment of the urinary tract infections (UTI) is highly practiced throughout the world which should be actually based on the microbial spectrum and the antibiotic sensitivity profile of the uropathogens in the local population. This study was conducted in a newly started tertiary health care facility of north India to determine the resistance pattern of uropathogens in the hospital, and help in establishing local guidelines on treatment of UTI.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&#10;&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Methodology: 346 consecutive non repetitive positive urine cultures between august 2016 and January 2017 were studied and were analyzed for the type of pathogens associated and there detailed antimicrobial sensitivity profile. Urine was primarily collected with midstream clean catch technique until otherwise indicated.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&#10;&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Results: <i>E. coli </i>comprised 6.67%; <i>Klebsiella 4.33</i>%; <i>Proteus </i>3.46%; <i>pseudomonas 7.5% and staphylococcus</i> 4.04% of the isolates. Furthermore, 23% of the gram negative isolates were ESBL producers. 51% of the gram negative isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin; 44% to SXT; 32% to amoxicillin. Sensitivity patterns at this institute were found to be better than others. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&#10;&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Conclusion: High levels of ESBL producers among gram negative uropathogens was seen this study. High rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin, precludes there use as the most commonly used antibiotics for empirical treatment of UTI. Instead Fosfomycin appears to be a more promising agent. More importantly, urine cultures should be made mandatory specially for all the indoor patients, patients with recurrent UTI, treatment failures or have complicated UTIs.<o:p></o:p></span></p>