Volume : 6, Issue : 5, May - 2017

IN VIVO AND IN VITRO INVESTIGATION ON EFFECT OF SOLVENT EXTRACT OF Phyllanthus amarus ON Trypanosoma brucei brucei INFECTED RATS AND MICE

Ujah, F. O. , Shiade G. , Eustace, B. B. , Nenge, H. P. , Ezugwu, C. H

Abstract :

<p>&nbsp;<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">This study looked at the trypanocidal activity of </span><i style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">Phyllanthus amarus</i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;"> (P.A) in </span><i style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">Trypanosoma ucei ucei</i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;"> (T. b. b.) infected rat. Hexane and methanolic extracts of </span><i style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">Phyllanthus amarus</i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;"> leaf and root were analysed in vitro for trypanocidal activity against </span><i style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">Trypanosoma ucei ucei</i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;"> at a concentration of 10mg/ml. The methanolic leaf extract was strongly trypanocidal; 5mg/ml of the extract had similar trypanocidal activity with a standard drug (Diminazene aceturate), eliminating parasite motility at 5 minutes. The in-vivo activity of methanolic P.A extract showed that the immediate treatment has the most potent trypanocidal activity at (P&lt;0.05); reducing the level of parasitaemia at day 4 when compared with the negative control. Furthermore, the effect of methanolic extract of P.A on T. b. b. infected wistar rats revealed a marked reduction in the hepatic enzymes viz ALT. C (43.18 &plusmn; 4.68), D (51.38 &plusmn; 3.08) and E (65.08 &plusmn; 5.06) when compared with the negative control (65.80 &plusmn; 1.57).ALT and ALP showed similar trend. Histological study showed an ameliorative activity of the methanolic </span><i style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">P. amarus</i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;"> extract in the damaged tissues architecture especially in the hepatic cells caused by </span><i style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">Trypanosoma ucei ucei</i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;"> infection. Therefore the leaf of </span><i style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">Phyllanthus amarus </i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">should be added to the fodder of cattle and other ruminants as a curative measure against </span><i style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">Trypanosoma ucei ucei</i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;&#10;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>