Volume : 6, Issue : 11, November - 2017

Silent Information Regulator 2 Proteins- Sirtuins and CV disease

Danny Kumar

Abstract :

<p>&nbsp;<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">Medicine is ever growing and expanding. This century is about how gene controls our life and diseases. This search has become very promising in many strata. Tyrosine kinase activation by t(9,22) in CML, and and search of its inhibitor (TKI)</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">&nbsp; </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">Imatinib, saved and continue to be saving many lives.</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">&nbsp; </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">It&rsquo;s not only holding true in oncology but in all.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:&#10;150%"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Aging is always enigma to researchers and search of sirtuins &ldquo;anti-aging&rdquo; protein expanded this field. Story of sirtuins started nearly two decades before, in yeast when sirtuin linked to longevity. ¹Ample work done thereafter and many physiological and pathological roles of these proteins is being studied in recent years. Many functions are related to cardiovascular system and diseases.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:&#10;150%"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Silent Information Regulator 2 (SIR2) proteins&mdash;Sirtuins&mdash; are family of histone deacetylases (HDACs). Their functions are to catalyse deacetylation of both histone and non-histone lysine residues. Sirtuins are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) dependant protein unlike other histone deacetylators. They do post-transcriptional modification of wide range of protein. Besides, deacetylase and deacylase activity, some sirtuins do have many other activities eg adenosine diphosphate(ADP)-ribosylase, demalonylase, desuccinylase, or glutarylase properties. Seven different sirtuins and their role have been searched. ^2-5<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:&#10;150%"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Basic and quick understanding of their mechanism can be learned by simple flowchart. (Figure - 1)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:&#10;150%"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Calorie restriction and on exercise there is excessive NAD+, as of energy molecule NADPH₂depletes and it activates sirtuins. Sirtuins by modification of various proteins had varsality in their function.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;&#10;mso-fareast-font-family:Calii;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:&#10;EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">< clear="all" style="mso-special-character:line-eak;page-eak-before:always" /> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;&#10;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span></p>