Volume : 7, Issue : 12, December - 2018

A Paper on Ulcerative Colitis

Dr. Archana Maan Kaushik, Dr. Vikash Kaushik

Abstract :

<p>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease consisting of fine<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">ulceration in the inner mucosal lining of the large<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">intestine.Inflammation starts at the lower end of the colon ,just above<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">the anus and extends upward in a continuous manner to variable<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">distances.The terminal ileum is typically not involved but some<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">patient with extensive disease may show endoscopic signs of<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&ldquo;backwash ileitis&rdquo;.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">When only a small portion of the lower intestineis involved then it is<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">named as Ulcerative Proctitis,it is a milder form of the disease.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">UC is unrelated to ulcers found elsewhere in the gastrointestinal<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">tract,such as stomach and duodenal ulcers,but it has many similarty to<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Crohn&rsquo;s disease.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">In 95% of cases the disease starts in rectum and spreads proximally.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It is a diffuse inflammatory disease,firstly affecting the mucosa and<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">superficially submucosa.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Deeper layer of intestine wall is only affected in serious condition.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">There are multiple minute ulcers and microscopic evidences proves<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">that the ulceration is almost always more severe and extensive than<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">the gross appearance indicates.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Cancer risk in colitis :<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">At 10 years ,the risk of cancer in all patients with UC IS 2%.This<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">increase to 8% at 20 years and 18%at 30 years.It is more likely to<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">occur if the whole colon is involved and if the disease starts in early<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">life.The colon is involved rather than the rectum,and the maximal<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">incidence is during the fourth decade.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>